MODULE 4
SUGGESTED READING
Digital:
1) Neuroscience Online: an electronic textbook for the neurosciences. This is a free educational resource provided by the Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy at The University of Texas Medical School at Houston. It is really superb and we urge you to make use of it. The online version works fine on computers, but since visualization of the figures requires a flash player, they are absent when the material is viewed using an Ipad.
Section 2, Chapter 4: Somatosensory Pathways
4.7 Main Sensory Trigeminal Pathway: Face Discriminative Touch and Proprioception (We cover this in Module 4)
4.8 Neospinothalamic Pathway: Body - Sharp Pricking Pain and Cool/Cold (We cover this in Module 4)
4.9 Spinal Trigeminal Pathway: Face Pain, Temperature and Crude Touch
Section 2, Chapter 6: Pain Principles
6.1 Pain Receptors
6.2 Factors that Activate Nociceptors
6.3 Pain Thresholds and Just Noticeable Differences
6.4 Pain Fibers
6.5 Double Pain Sensations
6.6 Nociceptive Neurons in the Spinal Cord (Nocineurons)
6.7 Classification of Pain
Section 2, Chapter 7: Pain Tracts and Sources
7.1 Pain Pathways
7.2 Sources of Pain
7.3 Acute Pain
7.4 Chronic Pain
7.5 Summary
2) The Nervous System in Action by Michael D. Mann. Click on MANN TEXT to access the internet version of this excellent textbook. The home page provides links to individual chapters and also offers PDF links, making it easy to print copies of the text. You can view the material directly on your computer screen, but print out a copy if possible. The reason to do so is that we will refer to specific pages in the text, and these are not shown in the computer screen version. In Chapter 5 see the following:
Chapter 5, Somesthesia - Peripheral Mechanisms
Page 5-8 - temperature sensation
Page 5-11 - pain sensation
Page 5-15 - the neurophysiology of pain
Chapter 6, Somesthesia - Central Mechanisms
Page 6-13 - central mechanisms of pain sensation
Page 6-14 - the gate theory of pain
Page 6-17 - endogenous pain suppression system
Page 6-19 - referred pain
Page 6-21 - pain treatment
Page 6-24 - acupuncture
3) The Digital Anatomist. This is an excellent program developed by the Dept. Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle. It contains a huge library of views of the brain. We will refer to specific figures in many of our modules, including this one.
Printed:
1) Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases by Hal Blumenfeld.
----- There is a brief section on the anterolateral system on page 35; see also Figure 2.19 on the following page. The main treatment of this system is in Chapter 7 on pages 268 - 270; see, also, Figures 7.2, 7.3 and 7.4.
----- The trigeminal nerve, as well as associated central structures and pathways, is discussed on pages 474-8. The position of the nerve, as it exits from the brain through the middle cerebellar peduncle, is shown in Figure 2.22A & C on pages 38-9.
2) Clinical Neuroanatomy and Neuroscience by M. J. Turlough Fitzgerald, Gregory Gruener and Estomih Mtui. Fifth Edition Some authors, including Fitzgerald, refer to the anterolateral pathway as the spinothalamic tract (STT) and divide it into an anterior spinothalamic tract (ASTT) and a lateral spinothalamic tract (LSTT). Fitzgerald refers to ASTT + LSTT as the spinal lemniscus.
----- The definitive treatment of somatic sensory pathways is in Chapter 15. You have already read the introduction (pages 181-184) but skim through them again, paying special attention to Figure 15.5. Then read the last part of the chapter, starting on page 186 and skipping the section on the spinocerebellar pathways.
----- Next, look at Figure 17.8, in which the spinothalamic pathway (see above) is labeled the “spinal lemniscus”. Compare the course of this pathway, shown in green, with that of the medial lemniscus, shown in blue, as the two ascend through the brainstem.
----- See, also, the brief section on visceral pain, that starts on page 163. Box 34.1. starting on page 377, has an interesting and more general discussion of pain.
----- The trigeminal nerve is covered in Chapter 21, starting on page 245. For now, skip the sections dealing with the motor component of the nerve.
3) Fundamental Neuroscience for Basic and Clinical Applications by Duane E. Haines. Third Edition.
----- The anterolateral pathway is covered in the first part (Pgs.281-290) of Chapter 18.
----- As for the trigeminal nerve, the modalities of discriminative touch, vibration and position are covered in Chapter 17, starting on page 272. The trigeminal role in conveying the sensations of pain and temperature into the brain is presented on pages 290-296 of Chapter 18.
4) Principles of Neural Science by Eric R. Kandel, James H. Schwartz and Thomas M. Jessel.
-----There is a brief section on the anterolateral system on page 448-9; see, also, Figure 22.14. All of chapter 24 is devoted to a consideration of pain, but see pages 480-482 for the pathways involved.
-----See pages 877- 883 for some material on the trigeminal nerve
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